Linfoma gástrico primario de células T, no asociado a HTLV-1, con metástasis cutánea y neumoperitoneo / Non-HTLV-1-associated primary gastric T-cell lymphoma with cutaneous metastasis and pneumoperitoneum

Introducción: Los linfomas gástricos primarios representan menos del 5% de los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH). La gran mayoría de linfomas gástricos primarios son linfomas de células B de alto grado. Los linfomas gástricos primarios de células T son muy raros y usualmente se asocian a infección por HTLV-1 en regiones endémicas. Material y método. Describimos el caso de una paciente mujer de mediana edad que se presentó con neumoperitoneo debido a ulcera gástrica perforada, síndrome consuntivo y lesiones cutáneas y orales. Resultados. La histopatología e inmunohistoquímica confirmaron linfoma gástrico primario de células T con compromiso cutáneo. La serología para HTLV-1, virus del Epstein-Barr y VIH fueron negativas. Conclusión. La finalidad de este reporte es dar a conocer esta forma de presentación sumamente rara de linfoma gástrico primario.

Background: Primary gastric lymphomas account for less than5%ofnon-Hodgkinlymphomas(NHL).Thevast majority of primary gastric lymphomas are high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Primary gastric T-cell lymphomas are very rare and are usually associated with HTLV-1 infection in endemic regions. We describe Material and methods.the case of a middle-aged female patient who presented with pneumoperitoneum due to a perforated gastric ulcer, wasting syndrome, and skin and oral lesions. . Results: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed primary gastric T-cell lymphoma with skin involvement. The serologyfor HTLV-1,Epstein-Barr virus and HIVwere negative. The aim of this report is to present Conclusion: this extremely rare presentation of primary gastric lymphoma

Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with anticonvulsants / Necrólisis epidérmica tóxica asociada a anticonvulsivantes

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered as a continuum of the same process. TEN or Lyell Syndrome is the most severe form. Both entities involve an acute mucocutaneous blistering reaction associated with systemic inflammation. Materials and Methods: We present a case of a young woman who developed TEN following concomitant treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital. Despite the extensive mucocutaneous detachment (over 90%), prognostic evaluation was favorable (SCORTEN score 2; probability of survival 88%), and this patient evolved satisfactorily. Five days after admission, valproate was reinitiated without any subsequent adverse reaction. Results: Causality evaluation identified both lamotrigine and phenobarbital as "very probable" (ALDEN score = 6) causes and valproate as "very unlikely" (ALDEN score = 0) cause of TEN. Conclusions: SJS and TEN are true life-threatening medical emergencies. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, including the discontinuation of the causative agent, which can be lifesaving.

RESUMEN Antecedentes y objetivos: El síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) y la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET) se consideran un continuum del mismo proceso. La NET o síndrome de Lyell es la forma más grave. Ambas entidades implican una reacción ampollosa mucocutánea aguda asociada con inflamación sistémica. Materiales y métodos: Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven que desarrolló NET posterior al tratamiento concomitante con valproato, lamotrigina y fenobarbital. A pesar del extenso desprendimiento mucocutáneo (más del 90%), la evaluación pronóstica fue favorable (puntuación SCORTEN 2; probabilidad de supervivencia 88%), y esta paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Cinco días después de su ingreso, se reinició el valproato sin ninguna reacción adversa posterior. Resultados: La evaluación de causalidad identificó tanto la lamotrigina como el fenobarbital como causas "muy probables" (puntuación ALDEN = 6) y el valproato como causas "muy improbables" (puntuación ALDEN = 0) de NET. Conclusiones: El SJS y la NET son verdaderas emergencias médicas potencialmente letales. Este caso enfatiza la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos, incluida la interrupción del agente causal, lo cual puede salvar la vida del paciente.

First case report of tuberculous meningitis secondary to endometrial tuberculosis following a clandestine abortion.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a medical emergency: it is the most severe, lethal and disabling clinical form of tuberculosis. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman who had undergone a clandestine abortion six weeks before admission. One week later, she had abnormal vaginal discharge. Three weeks prior to admission, headache, hyperpyrexia and mental alteration were added. At admission, a transvaginal ultrasound showed abnormalities of the uterine cavity. Sepsis and endometritis were diagnosed, and a hysterectomy was scheduled. During preoperative evaluation, meningeal signs were found. The first lumbar puncture (LP) showed a lymphomononuclear pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia and hyperproteinorrachia. After five days treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and dexamethasone, only partial recovery occurred. A second LP showed AFB and PCR confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The histopathology of endometrial biopsy confirmed endometrial tuberculosis. Therapeutic response to anti-tuberculous treatment and corticosteroids was excellent. No other cause of immunosuppression apart from pregnancy was found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of TBM secondary to endometrial tuberculosis and highlights an unusual clinical scenario in which severe and disseminated forms of TB could be present. TBM during and after pregnancy is rare, but compared with TBM in non-pregnant women, it has a poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving in this life-threatening disease.

Pénfigo agudo con buena respuesta a pulsos de metilprednisolona / Acute pemphigus with good response to methylprednisolone pulses

Presentamos dos casos de pénfigo tratados con dosis altas endovenosas (pulsos) de corticoides, los cuales presentaron respuesta adecuada y buena evolución. Un varón de 42 años con pénfigo vulgar y otro varón de 64 años con pénfigo foliáceo, ambos con recrudescencia de la enfermedad, que fueron tratados con pulsos de metilprednisolona y con buena respuesta al tartamiento. (AU)

We present two cases of pemphigus treated with high endovenous doses (pulses) of corticosteroids. A 42-year-old male with vulgar pemphigus and a 64-year-old male with foliaceous pemphigus, both with recrudescence of the disease, who were treated with methylprednisolone pulses and with good response to treatment. (AU)